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AWWA JAW3891

M00003405

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AWWA JAW3891 Journal AWWA - An Overview of European Water Treatment Practice

Journal Article by American Water Works Association, 11/01/1980

Knoppert, P.L.;Oskam, G.;Vreedenburgh, E.G.H.

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The philosophy behind new treatment designs in Europe is to remove total organic carbon (TOC) and synthetic organic contaminants (SOCs) in successive treatment steps - storage, flocculation, settling, ozonation, rapid and slow sand filtration, and granular activated carbon filtration - rather than only in the GAC filters. The idea is to combine physical, chemical, and biological removal mechanisms in an integrated system to achieve optimum removal of micropollutants. Trihalomethanes, emergency storage, breakpoint chlorination, and operating costs are also covered. Includes 17 references, table, figures.