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The historical approach for microbial protection has beenembodied in the multiple barrier concept, process control(turbidity, disinfection, etc.) and monitoring. The information forassessing this approach has been principally based on bacterialindicators. This paper discusses how the assurance of the microbial safety of water in the21st century is moving to incorporate data obtained by the directdetection of pathogens (typically using molecular methods),targeting pathogens that are hard to treat (viruses and protozoa),and application of microbial risk assessment techniques that pusheven lower the acceptable levels of potable water risk. The paper ends with a short discussion of improvement in treatment barriers. Includes 8 references, figures.

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Edition: Vol. - No. Published: 11/02/2003 Number of Pages: 3 File Size: 1 file , 300 KB